Their names appeared in a register created in 1817. Two Sproule children, acknowledged by James Sproule as his 'reputed' children in his will of 1840, and they
were, indeed, slaves. Their names were listed in the slave register of the Stokes Hall
plantation in St Thomas in the East, Jamaica. Jane was the first entry that I
came across:
Jane alias Jane Sproull, Mulato,
aged 10, Creole 1
This Sproule child had a negro
mother and a white father, hence she was ‘mulatto’. She was also ‘creole’, indicating that she was born in Jamaica. Of course, the entry did not say that James was the father of this girl, but the profile of this Jane Sproull fitted perfectly. This was definitely my cousin Jane.
And there was further proof, for they were here together. Eleanor Sproule,
the other ‘reputed’ child of James, appeared in the same list of slaves:
Eleanor alias Eleanor Sproull,
Mulato, aged 4, Creole.
I wondered if there were any more 'reputed' children. I hunted for other children
of James Sproule anywhere on the island of Jamaica, and found only one possibility. This child was in the same Stokes
Hall plantation list of 1817, a little boy this time:
Robert alias Robert Sproull, Mulatto, aged 7, Creole
Robert appeared again
in the next registry of slaves carried out in 1820, and it was recorded here that
Robert Sproull had died.
Stokes Hall Plantation
|
Sugar Plantation in Jamaica |
The Stokes Hall
plantation was next to the smaller Rosemount Plantation owned by James Sproule. Stokes Hall was recorded as belonging to 'Alexander Donaldson deceased'. I was
never able to find any information on Alexander Donaldson, as he seemed to have always been deceased! This was quite
common in the plantations of Jamaica. Some owners died, others left to return to
their homes, usually in England or Scotland. The financial aspects of their
plantation was then run by an agent in Jamaica, usually a lawyer or a law
firm. The agent appointed a manager to run the
day-to-day activities of producing the sugar cane.
James Sproule in Stokes Hall
Stokes Hall was a plantation of about 800 acres and it had roughly 180 slaves. James Sproule's name appears on the records of Stokes Hall in the 1820s and 1830s, first as a joint manager, and later as part owner.
1 James obviously worked here at Stokes Hall, and judging by the ages of his reputed children, he had probably worked here since he came to Jamaica in 1801. As his career progressed, he bought his own small plantation, Rosemount, and set up his home there. However, I found that Stokes Hall was not the
only estate
that James had managed.
In 1834 slavery was
abolished in Jamaica, and the arrangement was that the plantation owners would
be compensated. The compensation was allocated in 1838, and in these records we find that James Sproule had interests in nine different plantations! He has become a very affluent man at this stage. 2
|
Compensations Awarded to James Sproull 1838 |
The Family of Jane Sproule
The slave registers give us some more information about the two Sproule children of Stokes Hall. Jane, the older reputed daughter, was born in 1807, just six years after James arrived in Jamaica. In the register of 1817, Jane’s mother is named beside
her. She is Phillis, alias Misa Cargill.
Each slave had an official ‘registered’ name, and
also had a name that was used on an every-day basis - hence the 'alias'. Misa Cargill, the mother of
Jane, was known as Phillis and she has her own separate entry in the same register. Here we find that she is a
26 year old creole negro. Her mother, the grandmother of Jane Sproull, is named
as Helen alias Lucy Cargill.
Grandmother Helen is still living on the same
plantation, she is 55 years old and she is African. When she was young, Jane Sproull's grandmother had a different name. She was living in a village in West Africa. She was captured, kept in a holding pen with hundreds of other
frightened folk, and then transported in chains to Jamaica.
Now called Helen alias
Lucy Cargill, she is registered as having died in the 1820 register of slaves
of Stokes Hall, Jamaica.
The Family of Eleanor
Sproule
Eleanor, the second daughter of James, had a
different mother. She was called Deborah alias
Elizabeth Bryan and she was a 26 year old creole negro. Deborah's mother is named
simply as Esther. Esther, grandmother of Eleanor Sproule, had four other
children living on the Stokes Hall estate in 1817. All were negro, and all had different
surnames.
1826
In 1826, we see that life has changed for the two girls. James Sproule
himself signed the register of slaves for Stokes Hall that year. By this time, it was not
a full list of slaves, James was only required to list changes to the slaves on the plantation - new births, deaths, bought
etc. James registered changes concerning both
of his daughters. They appear together:
Jane Sproull Mulatto 19
Creole - by sold
Eleanor Sproull Mulatto 13
Creole - by sold
There is another
detail on the entry that is vitally important, ‘sold for manumission’. James Sproule had bought both of his girls, and James had paid to have them freed.
The Girls Freed
We know only a little
of the girls following their manumission. James provided for Eleanor in his Will of 1840, and it looks as if she may be living with the family in Ireland at that time:
“To my reputed Daughter Eleanor Sproule three
hundred pounds sterling or fifteen pounds annually as interest until paid as my
executors and executrix may think proper and at their convenience to pay the
legacy or should she wish to remain with the family to get her board gratis and
five pounds annually for nothing in lieu of interest and should my estate turn
out well she is to get something more as my executors may decide.” 3
James also tells us that his other 'reputed' daughter, Jane, has a son, James Sproull
Wilson and is living in Bath, Jamaica. Little James Sproull Wilson was born on 25th
April 1830 and his father was James Wilson of Bath.4 In his Will, James left his Rosemount estate
to Jane and her son;
“To my reputed Daughter Jane Sproule of Bath Jamaica I
bequeath the remaining part of my freehold of land in Jamaica named Rose Mount
now partly occupied by my late negroes for her sole use & her son James
Sproule Wilson but in case both dying without lawful issue then it is to fall
into my wife and children and to be sold on their account that they get the
proceeds thereof.”
I don’t know how the little
family of Jane Sproull managed after James' death. I found no record of Jane after this, and there
were too many people named James Wilson to accurately pinpoint the son.
James Sproule in a New Light
At this point, I was feeling
more positive about my great, great granduncle James Sproule. He had been a slave owner and he had fathered children with women who had no choice, they were held in slavery. But James had gone to great lengths to look after his two girls. Not many men at that time, and in that
culture, would have done the same. Furthermore, from my research, James had no other ‘reputed’ children
after he met his future wife Charlotte Taylor, daughter of the Honourable Simon Taylor. Maybe James Sproule was not such a bad person after all!
That pleasant thought lasted for a full 24 hours - and then I found the bombshell!
________________________________________________________________
References:
1 Slave Registers of former British Colonial
Dependencies, 1812-1834 Ancestry.com
2 Legacies
of British Slave-ownership University College London
4 Jamaica Church of England Parish Register Transcripts, 1664-1880, Familysearch.org